UTXO Chains
Unspent Output,Cash model
Stateless; tracks unspent outputs like digital
coins.
Balances sum unused UTXOs.
Transactions destroy/create UTXOs.
Parallel verification possible.
Script-based (non-Turing complete), limiting smart contracts.
Better privacy via address rotation.
Atomic transactions.
Fees based on size (bytes).
Ideal for payments (Bitcoin, Litecoin).
Minimal state overhead.
EVM Chains
Account-Based
Stateful, globally shared state.
Balances stored per account.
Transactions trigger state changes via smart contracts.
Turing-complete EVM enables complex dApps.
Gas fees pay for computation/storage.
Sequential execution limits scalability.
High composability (DeFi/NFTs).
Uses persistent addresses (lower privacy).
Dominant ecosystem (Ethereum, BSC, Polygon).
State explosion challenges.