EVM
Stateful, globally shared state. Balances stored
per account.
Transactions trigger state
changes via smart contracts. Turing-complete EVM enables complex dApps. Gas fees pay for
computation/storage. Sequential execution limits scalability. High composability (DeFi/NFTs).
Uses persistent addresses (lower privacy). Dominant ecosystem (Ethereum, BSC, Polygon). State
explosion challenges.
UTXO
Stateless; tracks unspent outputs like digital
coins. Balances
sum unused UTXOs. Transactions destroy/create UTXOs. Parallel verification possible.
Script-based (non-Turing complete), limiting smart contracts. Better privacy via address
rotation. Atomic transactions. Fees based on size (bytes). Ideal for payments (Bitcoin,
Litecoin). Minimal state overhead.